Add linear prime sieve

src/algorithms/math/linear-prime-sieve/linearPrimeSieve.js

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * @param {number} maxNumber
+ * @return {number[]}
+ */
+export default function linearPrimeSieve(maxNumber) {
+	const primes =[];
+	const leastPrimeFactor = new Array(maxNumber + 1).fill(0); // leastPrimeFactor[i] gives us the least prime factor of 'i'
+	
+	for(let i=2; i<=maxNumber; i++ ){
+		if(!leastPrimeFactor[i]){ // leastPrimeFactor[i] = 0 means 'i' itself is its least prime factor, i.e 'i' is prime
+			leastPrimeFactor[i] = i;
+			primes.push(i);
+		}
+		
+		/*
+		 *  start setting leastPrimeFactor[] for numbers 'x', where x = p * i, p is x's least prime factor and p <= leastPrimeFactor[i]
+		 *  x = p*i, this representation will be unique for any number, therefore leastPrimeFactor[x] will be set only once.
+		 */
+		for(let j=0; j<primes.length && primes[j]*i <=maxNumber && primes[j]<=leastPrimeFactor[i]; j++)
+			leastPrimeFactor[primes[j]*i] = primes[j];
+	}
+	
+	return primes;
+}