diff --git a/src/algorithms/sorting/Tree-Sort/README.md b/src/algorithms/sorting/Tree-Sort/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0b5e2e38 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/algorithms/sorting/Tree-Sort/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# Tree-Sort + +A **tree sort** is a sort algorithm that builds a binary search tree from the elements to be sorted, and then traverses the tree in-order so that the elements come out in sorted order. Its typical use is sorting elements online: after each insertion, the set of elements seen so far is available in sorted order. Tree sort can be used as a one-time sort, but it is equivalent to quicksort as both recursively partition the elements based on a pivot, and since quicksort is in-place and has lower overhead, tree sort has few advantages over quicksort. It has better worst case complexity when a self-balancing tree is used, but even more overhead. + +## Efficiency + +Adding one item to a binary search tree is on average an `O(log n)` process (in big O notation). Adding n items is an O(n log n) process, making tree sorting a 'fast sort' process. Adding an item to an unbalanced binary tree requires `O(n)` time in the worst-case: When the tree resembles a linked list (degenerate tree). This results in a worst case of `O(n²)` time for this sorting algorithm. This worst case occurs when the algorithm operates on an already sorted set, or one that is nearly sorted, reversed or nearly reversed. Expected `O(n log n)` time can however be achieved by shuffling the array, but this does not help for equal items. + +The worst-case behaviour can be improved by using a self-balancing binary search tree. Using such a tree, the algorithm has an `O(n log n)` worst-case performance, thus being degree-optimal for a comparison sort. However, tree sort algorithms require separate memory to be allocated for the tree, as opposed to in-place algorithms such as quicksort or heapsort. On most common platforms, this means that heap memory has to be used, which is a significant performance hit when compared to quicksort and heapsort[citation needed]. When using a splay tree as the binary search tree, the resulting algorithm (called splaysort) has the additional property that it is an adaptive sort, meaning that its running time is faster than `O(n log n)` for inputs that are nearly sorted. + +![Tree Sort Image](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Binary_tree_sort%282%29.png/200px-Binary_tree_sort%282%29.png) + +## Pseudocode + +```` +STRUCTURE BinaryTree + BinaryTree:LeftSubTree + Object:Node + BinaryTree:RightSubTree + + PROCEDURE Insert(BinaryTree:searchTree, Object:item) + IF searchTree.Node IS NULL THEN + SET searchTree.Node TO item + ELSE + IF item IS LESS THAN searchTree.Node THEN + Insert(searchTree.LeftSubTree, item) + ELSE + Insert(searchTree.RightSubTree, item) + + PROCEDURE InOrder(BinaryTree:searchTree) + IF searchTree.Node IS NULL THEN + EXIT PROCEDURE + ELSE + InOrder(searchTree.LeftSubTree) + EMIT searchTree.Node + InOrder(searchTree.RightSubTree) + + PROCEDURE TreeSort(Collection:items) + BinaryTree:searchTree + + FOR EACH individualItem IN items + Insert(searchTree, individualItem) + + InOrder(searchTree) +```` + +## Complexity + +| Name | Best | Average | Worst | Stable | | Comments | +| --------------------- | :-------------: | :-----------------: | :-----------------: | :-------: | :-------: | :-------- | +| **Tree Sort** | n * log(n) | n * log(n) | n * log(n)(balanced) | Yes | |