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Linked List Spanish Traslation (#409)
* Linked List Spanish Traslation * Rename the CI workflow file. Co-authored-by: Oleksii Trekhleb <trehleb@gmail.com>
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src/data-structures/linked-list/README.es-ES.md
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src/data-structures/linked-list/README.es-ES.md
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# Lista Enlazada (Linked List)
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_Lee esto en otros idiomas:_
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[_简体中文_](README.zh-CN.md),
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[_Русский_](README.ru-RU.md),
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[_日本語_](README.ja-JP.md),
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[_Português_](README.pt-BR.md)
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[_English_](README.md)
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En ciencias de la computaciòn una **lista enlazada** es una coleccion linear
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de elemntos de datos, en los cuales el orden linear no es dado por
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su posciòn fisica en memoria. En cambio, cada
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elemento señala al siguiente. Es una estructura de datos
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que consiste en un grupo de nodos los cuales juntos representan
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una secuencia. Bajo la forma mas simple, cada nodo es
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compuesto de datos y una referencia (en otras palabras,
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un lazo) al siguiente nodo en la secuencia. Esta estructura
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permite la insercion o remocion de elementos
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desde cualquier posicion en la secuencia durante la iteracion.
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Variantes mas complejas agregan lazos adicionales, permitiendo
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una eficiente insercion o remocion desde referencias arbitrarias
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del elemento. Una desventaja de las listas lazadas es que el tiempo de
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acceso es linear (y dificil de canalizar) Un acceso
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mas rapido, como un acceso aleatorio, no es factible. Los arreglos
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tienen una mejor locazion comparados con las listas lazadas.
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![Linked List](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Singly-linked-list.svg)
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## Pseudocodigo para operacones basicas
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### Insertar
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```text
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Add(value)
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Pre: value is the value to add to the list
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Post: value has been placed at the tail of the list
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n ← node(value)
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if head = ø
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head ← n
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tail ← n
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else
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tail.next ← n
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tail ← n
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end if
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end Add
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```
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```text
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Prepend(value)
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Pre: value is the value to add to the list
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Post: value has been placed at the head of the list
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n ← node(value)
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n.next ← head
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head ← n
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if tail = ø
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tail ← n
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end
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end Prepend
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```
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### Buscar
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```text
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Contains(head, value)
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Pre: head is the head node in the list
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value is the value to search for
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Post: the item is either in the linked list, true; otherwise false
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n ← head
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while n != ø and n.value != value
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n ← n.next
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end while
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if n = ø
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return false
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end if
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return true
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end Contains
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```
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### Borrar
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```text
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Remove(head, value)
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Pre: head is the head node in the list
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value is the value to remove from the list
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Post: value is removed from the list, true, otherwise false
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if head = ø
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return false
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end if
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n ← head
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if n.value = value
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if head = tail
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head ← ø
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tail ← ø
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else
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head ← head.next
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end if
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return true
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end if
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while n.next != ø and n.next.value != value
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n ← n.next
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end while
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if n.next != ø
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if n.next = tail
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tail ← n
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end if
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n.next ← n.next.next
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return true
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end if
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return false
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end Remove
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```
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### Atrevesar
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```text
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Traverse(head)
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Pre: head is the head node in the list
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Post: the items in the list have been traversed
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n ← head
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while n != ø
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yield n.value
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n ← n.next
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end while
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end Traverse
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```
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### Atravesar en Reversa
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```text
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ReverseTraversal(head, tail)
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Pre: head and tail belong to the same list
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Post: the items in the list have been traversed in reverse order
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if tail != ø
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curr ← tail
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while curr != head
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prev ← head
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while prev.next != curr
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prev ← prev.next
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end while
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yield curr.value
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curr ← prev
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end while
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yield curr.value
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end if
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end ReverseTraversal
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```
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## Complexities
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### Time Complexity
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| Access | Search | Insertion | Deletion |
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| :-------: | :-------: | :-------: | :-------: |
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| O(n) | O(n) | O(1) | O(n) |
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### Space Complexity
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O(n)
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## References
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- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_list)
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- [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njTh_OwMljA&index=2&t=1s&list=PLLXdhg_r2hKA7DPDsunoDZ-Z769jWn4R8)
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